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{{infobox UK place||country = England|official_name= Weston-super-Mare|population = 71,758|latitude= 51.3485|longitude= -2.9700|unitary_england=
North Somerset|region= South West England|constituency_westminster= [Weston-super-Mare (UK Parliament constituency)|post_town= WESTON-SUPER-MARE|postcode_district = BS22, BS23, BS24|postcode_area= BS|dial_code= 01934|os_grid_reference= ST324615-->
Weston-super-Mare is an
England seaside resort town, and
civil parish, in North Somerset (2001 population 71,758).
The town is situated on the
Bristol Channel approximately south west of Bristol and has spread along the coast between the bounding high ground of Worlebury Hill and Bleadon Hill. It is well known for its sandy beaches, although at low tide the sea can be over a mile from the beach front. Weston-super-Mare is the most populous civil parish in England.
The town's motto is
"Ever Forward". It is town twinning with
Hildesheim, Germany.
Etymology
Weston comes from the Old English language for the west
tun or settlement. The descriptive part of its name is unusual because it is in medieval
Latin and was first recorded by an unknown medieval church clerk, presumably to distinguish it from other Westons in the area. It is a popular myth that the description was a later
Victorian era invention. It means literally "on sea". It is pronounced
mair rather than
mahrey.
History
19th century
Early in the 19th century, Weston was a small windswept village of about 30 houses, located behind a line of sand dunes fronting the sea. The Pigott family of Brockley, Somerset, who were the local Lords of the Manor, had a summer residence at Grove House. Weston owes its growth and prosperity to the
Victorian era boom in seaside holidays History website. Construction of the first hotel in the village started in 1808; it was called the Royal Hotel. Along with nearby Burnham-on-Sea, Weston benefited from proximity to Bristol, Bath, Somerset and
South Wales..
Isambard Kingdom Brunel and his family lived in Weston, at Swiss Villa (eastern corner of Alexandra Parade and Swiss Road), for a number of months whilst he was supervising the construction of the Bristol and Exeter Railway in the area. With the opening of the railway in 1841, thousands of visitors came to the town from Bristol, the
Midlands and further afield, on works outings and
Bank Holidays. Also, many mining families came across the Bristol Channel from
South Wales by
steamboat. To cater for them, Birnbeck Pier was completed in 1867, offering in its heyday Video arcades, tea rooms, funfair rides and a photography studio. However, it now stands in a derelict state and has recently been added to English Heritage's list of endangered buildings, but is still possible for visitors to marvel at the structure from behind the barbed wire. It was designed by Eugenius Birch with ironwork by the Isia Foundry of Newport, Monmouthshire (historic). It is a grade II*
listed building.
Large areas of land were released for development from the 1850s onwards. Large detached villas, for the middle classes, were built on the southern slopes of Worlebury Hill. Semi-detached and terraced housing were built on the low 'moorland', behind the sea front in an area known as South Ward. Many of these houses have now been turned into
bedsits by their owners. Most of the houses built in the Victorian era are built from stone and feature details made from local
Bath Stone, influenced by local architect
Hans Price.
In 1885 the first transatlantic telegraph cable of the Commercial Cable Company was brought ashore and the company started a long association with the town, ending in
1962.
A second railway, the
Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Railway, opened on
1 December 1897, connecting Weston to Clevedon. The terminus station was at Ashcombe Road. The railway was extended to Portishead, Somerset on 7 August
1907. The railway closed on
18 May 1940.
20th century
Local traders, unhappy that visitors were not coming as far as the centre of the town, began the construction of a new pier closer to the main streets. Opened in
1904, and known as the
Weston-super-Mare Grand Pier, it was originally planned to be long.It still stands in truncated form today, although amusements and cafes have replaced the original Music hall theatre it supported, with the present building dating from 1933. Further development occurred after
World War I, with the Winter Gardens and Pavilion (1927), the Lido (swimming pool) and an airport all dating from the inter-war period. Art Deco influences can be seen in much of the town's architecture from this period.
During
World War II many Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II were accommodated in the town. Weston suffered several bombing raids, damaging parts of the town centre, particularly Orchard Street and Boulevard. War industries, such as aircraft and pump manufacture, were dispersed to the town. Many US troops were billeted in Weston. The troops and their equipment quickly vanished, in the run-up to
D-Day.
Residential areas include the Oldmixon, Coronation, and Bournville estates, which exhibit many examples of early to late twentieth century architecture. Newer housing has since been built towards the east of the town in North Worle and Locking Castle, locations nearer to the
M5 motorway.
The town as a whole has expanded in size considerably and at one time in the
1980s was the fastest growing municipality in Europe. Building continues apace, with the population being close to 78,000 in 2006, although the south side of town towards Bleadon has avoided this. Weston-super-Mare has expanded to include the established villages of Milton, Worle,
Uphill,
Oldmixon, West Wick and
Wick St. Lawrence, as well as new areas such as St. Georges, North Somerset and Locking Castle.
Hutton, Somerset,
Locking, North Somerset,
Bleadon and
Kewstoke are under threat of urban sprawl from Weston-super-Mare.
21st century
A structure known as
Silica has been installed at Big Lamp Corner during 2006.It is a piece of public art, a retail kiosk selling usual newsagent fare, as well as a bus shelter. It has been criticised by some local residents who liken it to a carrot or a space ship, although it is meant to symbolise man's harmony with the sea. This was part of
North Somerset ongoing civic pride initiative that has sought to revitalise Weston-super-Mare's public spaces - which had suffered a period of decline.
Other public space improvements have been made throughout the town such as improvements to the street scene in Grove Park Village. There has been some controversy in the town over whether the silica enhanced the town or was a waste of money. However, this debate centred round a misunderstanding of the government funds used to pay for the sculpture. Many local residents did not realise that the money came from central government and had to be used on public art/improvements to the street scene environment. Consequently their calls for the money to be re-directed to other public services could not be acted upon by North Somerset Council without the funding being withdrawn by central government. Some residents considered that an attractive water fountain or garden would have been a better investment of this money.
Geography
The mainly flat landscape of Weston is dominated by Worlebury Hill which borders the entire northern edge of the town, and
Bleadon Hill which together with the
River Axe, Somerset, and Brean Down at Uphill form its southern border. In the centre of the town is
Ellenborough Park, Weston-super-mare a
Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the range of plant species found there.
The beach lies on the western edge of the town. The upper part is sandy but, as the sea retreats a long way with the tide exposing mud flats, the town is sometimes unkindly, yet undeniably accurately, known as "Weston-super-Mud". The tidal range in this part of the
Bristol Channel is great, since the beach and mud flats are on a gentle slope. Consequently it is only at the part of the tide cycle where high tide is in the early morning and late afternoon that the sea comes well up the beach. Many day visitors see little of the sea because of this and also must be confused to see a long pier with little or no water under it. Attempting to reach the sea at these times is inadvisable as the sand gives way to mud which is very deep and has cost several people their lives over the years. Driving on the beach (which is permitted in certain areas) catches people out as they drive too close to the sea and break through the sand to the underlying mud and are then stuck.
The tidal rise and fall in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel is the second largest in the world and can be as great as . This tidal movement contributes to the deposition of natural mud in bays such as Weston. Despite the muddy brown appearance of the sea water, chemically the Bristol Channel is reasonably clean.
Transport
The main Weston-super-Mare railway station is close to the town centre and about five minutes walk from the sea front. Other stations are located at
Weston Milton railway station and
Worle railway station. Weston-super-Mare station has direct
high speed train services to
Paddington station including First Great Western's
The Bristolian express service. Weston-super-Mare main railway station also has services to Bristol Temple Meads railway station, Taunton railway station and
Gloucester railway stations to name but a few.
Most bus services are provided by First Group, although some services are operated by ACL Travel. All services call at stops in the Regent Street/Big Lamp Corner area; a few services to
Sand Bay, Wells, Burnham-on-Sea and
Bristol International Airport start from or run via the main railway station. Some bus services serve the main High Street.
Weston is close to the
M5 motorway. In the 1990s a dual-carriageway relief road was opened from the M5 right into the centre of the town. As a consequence Weston has few traffic problems other than peak time delays on the approaches to the M5 junction for traffic leaving the town.
Industry
Since the 1970s Weston has suffered a large decline in popularity, like virtually all British seaside resorts. The advent of cheap foreign holidays and the break-up of large industries like mining contributed, as working communities became less likely to holiday together. The town had become a centre of industries such as
helicopter production. Road transport links were improved with the M5 motorway running close by, and the town now supports several light industries and distribution depots, including
Lidl's distribution centre for all its southern based stores, and functions partly as a Commuter town for
Bristol.
Philip Harris Ltd. moved their production unit to the town in the 1970s to join their biological supplies division, which moved from Sheffield in 1965. Some biological supplies work still continues under different owners. Two of the town's largest employers are the local council and
Weston College, which has recently began to offer Academic degree as a secondary campus of
Bath Spa University.
Culture and sport
The town has a number of arts venues.
The Playhouse, Weston-super-Mare serves both tourists and the local population. The Winter Gardens on the seafront hosts shows, exhibitions and conferences. The Blakehay Theatre, Weston-super-Mare & Community Arts Centre is a small venue housed in a former Baptist church.
Football (soccer) team
Weston-super-Mare A.F.C. play in the
Conference South at the purpose-built
Woodspring Stadium, which opened in August 2004.
The town was the subject of a song
Sunny Weston-super-Mare performed by local band, The Wurzels.
Tourism
Weston-super-Mare is still a tourist destination, with attractions such as the long sandy beach, the The Helicopter Museum (Weston), the
Weston-super-Mare Grand Pier, the
SeaQuarium aquarium and the Weston Miniature Railway, which is situated on the Beach Lawns, as well as a
Miniature golf, gift shop and café. Trains on the railway are pulled by steam or petrol locomotives. Also on site is a Drive It Yourself Train. The
PS Waverley and MV Balmoral offer day sea trips from Knightstone Island to various destinations along the
Bristol Channel and
River Severn, tickets for which are on sale at the resort's Visitor center.
The
T4 on the Beach concert, hosted by
Channel 4 youth programme
T4 (Channel 4), is a recent addition. Many well known
band (music) and
singers perform up to three of their hits. However, many of the vocals are mimed as the event is being produced for live TV broadcast.
International HeliDays is usually staged at the beach lawns over a long weekend around the end of July, where helicopters from around the world are displayed, in association with the The Helicopter Museum. There is also an annual display by the Red Arrows, usually held around the same time as the HeliDays event.
Weston Beach Race is an annual
Motorcross Enduro event in October, first held in 1982. In 2005 it attracted 1,400 competitors and around 80,000 spectators. There are a number of races for All-terrain vehicle,
sidecars and children in addition to the main event.
Weston is also the final event on the November West Country Carnival circuit, when a large number of brightly illuminated floats parade through the streets.
Some of the town's attractions are now past their best.
- Birnbeck Pier, to the north of the town is now derelict, although Manchester-based company Urban Splash who purchased the pier in 2006 will soon announce plans for its restoration.
- Knightstone Island historically housed a theatre, swimming pool and sauna. After years of disrepair and dereliction, the area is being redeveloped by Redrow Homes. During 2006/2007, luxury apartments and commercial outlets will be completed at this site. Consideration has been taken due to the listed building status of much of the site. Boat trips from here include the Waverley and Balmoral (see Tourism Section) and trips to Steep Holm Island as well as short trips around Weston Bay.
- The Tropicana located half way along the sea front is now derelict, but once provided an outdoor swimming pool (Lido (swimming pool)) complex. A private developer, Henry Boot, has been selected to take forward the re-development of the Tropicana. Contracts for the new Life Station@Tropicana development were exchanged in March 2007 and will include a 96 bedroom hotel, indoor pool, cinema, bowling alley, restaurants and bars. Re-development of the Tropicana has been beset by delays and controversy, Plans will now be submitted in Autumn 2007 with opening due in Spring 2010.
Before contracts were placed a group of local residents challenged the council over its decision to appoint Henry Boot and asked to put forward their own proposals for the site.
Government and politics
Made an
urban district in
1894, Weston-super-Mare became a municipal borough in 1937. In 1974, under the
Local Government Act 1972, it was merged into the
Woodspring (district) of the
Avon (county), and became a
Charter Trustees town.
Before
1974, Weston-super-Mare was in the
Somerset. When Avon was split up in 1996, it became the administrative headquarters of North Somerset, one of the successor authorities. Weston-super-Mare regained a town council in
2000, becoming a civil parish.
The
Member of Parliament for the
Weston-super-Mare (UK Parliament constituency) is
John Penrose of the
Conservative Party (UK), who won the seat in the United Kingdom general election, 2005.
Notable residents
Well-known former residents of the town include:
References
See also
External links
- Weston-super-Mare town council
- Official Weston-super-Mare tourism website
- Weston Miniature Railway
- Winter Gardens
- Weston, Clevedon & Portishead Railway
- Weston-super-Mare in old postcards
- Photos of Weston-super-Mare in 3D (Anaglyphs)
- Photos of Weston-super-Mare
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Local guide listing accommodation, shops, restaurants, businesses and visitor attractions. Town history, event calendar and Jill Dando tribute page.
Weston-super-Mare Town Council
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